Comprehensive sexuality education: For healthy, informed and empowered learners
Countries have increasingly acknowledged the importance of equipping young people with the knowledge, skills and attitudes to develop and sustain positive, healthy relationships and protect themselves from unsafe situations. While 85% of countries have policies that are supportive of sexuality education, significant gaps remain between policy and curricula, as per the global status report on CSE. The same report identifies that more than 4 in 5 countries cover relevant sexuality education content and topics in their national curriculum, though more progress is needed because a number of key topics are missing or taught too late.
UNESCO believes that with CSE, young people learn to treat each other with respect and dignity from an early age and gain skills for better decision making, communications, and critical analysis. They learn they can talk to an adult they trust when they are confused about their bodies, relationships and values. They learn to think about what is right and safe for them and how to avoid coercion, sexually transmitted infections including HIV, and early and unintended pregnancy, and where to go for help. They learn to identify what violence against children and women looks like, including sexual violence, and to understand injustice based on gender. They learn to uphold universal values of equality, love and kindness.
In the International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education, UNESCO and UN partners recommend pathways to promote health and well-being, respect for human rights and gender equality, and empower children and young people to lead healthy, safe and productive lives through quality CSE. The guidance is intended to support countries in their policies and decisions to invest in sexuality education for all learners based on the needs and realities of their peoples and culture. An online toolkit was developed by UNESCO to facilitate the design and implementation of CSE programmes at national level, as well as at local and school level. A tool for the review and assessment of national sexuality education programmes is also available. Governments, development partners or civil society organizations will find this useful. Guidance for delivering CSE in out-of-school settings is also available.
To strengthen coordination among the UN community, development partners and civil society, UNESCO co-convenes the Global partnership forum on CSE together with UNFPA, providing a structured platform for collaboration, exchange of information and good practices, research, youth advocacy and leadership, and evidence-based policies and programmes.
Good quality CSE delivery demands up to date research and evidence to inform policy and implementation. UNESCO regularly conducts reviews of national policies and programmes and has documented the existing policy environment on CSE in several countries. Examples of good practice on the need to ensure inclusive sexuality education for learners with disabilities in Asia and East and Southern Africa, and for learners of diverse sexual orientation, gender identity and expression are also available.
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